Put two capsules at the same point and the stereo image can only be built one way — from level differences alone. That constraint is what makes coincident pairs the most precise and the most mono-proof stereo you can record.
Your hearing locates sound using two main cues: sounds arrive at one ear before the other, and sounds are louder at the nearer ear. Course 6.1 covers those as psychoacoustics. Stereo microphone technique is the business of deliberately creating one or both of them with microphones, and the families of technique are sorted by which cue they use.
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